In today’s fast-paced world, the manufacturing industry is one of the most innovative, always setting new norms. In this growing and evolving industry, gas-assisted injection molding is an innovative plastic manufacturing technology that produces high-quality products.
Today, we will dive further into the manufacturing process by discussing what it is and its various types, applications, benefits, and more.
What is Gas Assisted Injection Molding?
Gas-assisted injection molding is a plastic molding process that combines standard injection molding principles with the use of pressurized inert gas. It employs mold cavities in the shape of the product. 70%-80% of the mold is filled with molten plastic raw material. Filling the remaining volume with Nitrogen gas packs the plastic substance against the mold’s walls.
It is a popular method for producing huge, hollow, molded plastic pieces. It has various advantages, including exceptional surface polish and geometric correctness.
The Process:
To realize the injection, pressure holding, and cooling processes, pump high-pressure inert gas (nitrogen) into the molten plastic to generate a vacuum suction and push the molten material forward.
Because the gas has high-efficiency pressure transfer, it can maintain consistent pressure in all sections of the air channel, eliminating internal stress, preventing product deformation, and considerably reducing pressure in the cavidade, eliminating the need for high pressure during the molding process. Clamping force can also reduce product weight and remove marcas de afundamento.
This procedure uses gas-assisted equipment named a gas-assisted control unit and a nitrogen generator, which are part of the gas-assisted injection molding process gas-assisted equipment. It is a separate system not connected to the máquina de moldagem por injeção, and its sole interaction is the injection signal connecting line.
After transmitting an injection signal injection start or screw position to the gas-assisted control unit, the injection molding machine starts a gas injection process, waits for the next injection process to deliver another injection signal, starts another cycle, and so on.
The gas used in gas-assisted injection molding must be inert (often nitrogen) with a maximum pressure of 35MPa, a maximum pressure of up to 70MPa, and a nitrogen purity of 98%.
The gas-assisted control unit is a device that regulates the time and pressure of gas injection. It has a multi-group gas circuit architecture allows it to control the gas-assisted production of numerous injection molding machines at once. Furthermore, the gas-assisted control unit incorporates a gas recovery function to limit gas consumption as much as possible.
Types of Methods to Conduct Gas-Assisted Injection Molding:
There are two types of gas-assisted injection molding processes: exterior and internal. It also adheres to a specific process consisting of three parts. In the following sections, we distinguish between the two categories and walk you through the process.
Internal Gas Induced Molding
Because internal gas-aided molding is more extensively used than external gas-assisted molding, we will cover it first. Molten plastic resin first enters the mold through spruce passages. The gas then enters the molten resin through a nozzle, producing a bubble. The pressure of the expanding gas bubble pushes the resin against the mold walls, giving the pieces their shape.
This method is ideal for producing hollow, lightweight shapes. Also, the gas exerts steady pressure on the resin, which aids in the reduction of retração and distortion/warpage. These variables are typically the primary cause of diminishing dimensional accuracy in thin walls. Thin-walled pieces are hence another unique application of this technology.
Internal gas-assisted molding also has much shorter cycle times. Because the geometries have hollow areas and narrow cross-sections, they cool down faster than solid parts.
External Gas Induced Molding
Exterior gas-assisted injection molding is fundamentally different from internal injection molding. The gas does not enter the material, resulting in hollow regions. Rather, it enters the mold through microchannels on only one side. It applies pressure from the backside/non-aesthetic side of the part to pack the molten resin against the mold’s walls.
This method is well-known for producing a high-quality surface finish. Because the gas pressure acts uniformly on the non-aesthetic side, the opposite end packs snugly into the mold extremities, acquiring its exact shape. The resulting surface is so exact, including the mold’s subtle textures and patterns. As a result, if the part contains surface patterns and imprints, external gas-aided molding is desirable.
This approach not only provides superior surface quality it provides but also allows for thicker sections due to improved packing and shrinkage resistance. For ribbed/boss features, the rib/wall ratio can be as high as 1, which is far superior to conventional methods. This gives the molded part strength and stability.
Parts with wide surfaces and curved profiles are also handled effectively. The gas channels parallel the entire surface, allowing the gas to exert pressure across a large region. As a result, producing huge surfaces is not a significant challenge.
Stages of Gas-Assisted Molding
The gas-assist injection molding procedure is divided into three steps (refer to the diagram below). Each stage is a key phase in the process and demands the manufacturing team’s design sensibility and practical skills.
Now let’s go ahead and explore each of these stages.
Injection of Plastic Resin
Initially, the mold clamps are closed, and raw resin is supplied into the injection molding equipment’s hopper. The machine melts and pressurizes the resin in its screw-feed part, just like in a typical injection molding operation.
External heating and friction cause the resin to melt, while the screw’s constantly decreasing pitch compresses it to pressurize it. Because of the hollow parts, the pressure required for gas-assist molding is lower than for conventional injection molding. Furthermore, because the pressure is generated by gas rather than a thick, viscous liquid, there are fewer viscosity-based frictional losses inside the pressurized media.
This molten resin is then injected into the mold cavity. Nevertheless, the resin injection mechanism does not entirely fill the mold because the product comprises hollow areas. The amount of resin material injected is proportional to the volume of the part. It is often determined by geometrical elements such as wall thickness, ribbed features, holes, etc. Typically, 70%-80% of the mold is filled with plastic material.
Primary Gas Infiltration
The process of main gas penetration occurs once the requisite amount of resin is introduced into the mold. A pressurized gas source injects nitrogen into the spruce network, causing a bubble within the resin substance.
The molten resin is pushed to the mold’s borders by the pressure and expanding volume of the gas bubble. The gas pressure remains constant throughout this procedure, ensuring the resin reaches all corners of the mold and completely fills it.
Penetração de gases secundários
A resina começa a arrefecer e a contrair-se no final da fase de penetração primária do gás. A pressão do gás diminui significativamente devido ao espaço gerado pela contração térmica. Isto pode resultar em deformações das peças e imprecisões geométricas, nenhuma das quais é aceitável.
Como resultado, existe uma fase secundária de penetração de gás durante a qual o gás extra flui para dentro do molde para preencher os orifícios. Isto assegura um enchimento suave e mantém uma pressão uniforme.
Vantagens da moldagem por injeção assistida por gás:
A moldagem por injeção assistida por gás também beneficia os fabricantes como um processo de fabrico inovador e único. Estas vantagens incluem:
Poupança de material:
Na moldagem por injeção assistida por gás, é utilizado menos material devido ao facto de não se encher o molde. Esta utilização reduzida de material exclui a necessidade de embalar o material, resultando num núcleo oco em componentes mais espessos e poupando até 40% no material utilizado.
Alta eficiência:
Devido aos numerosos canais de gás, a moldagem por injeção assistida por gás tem uma vantagem distinta nesta área. Estes canais permitem que o gás se infiltre pronta e rapidamente em todas as secções do molde, o que um líquido viscoso não consegue fazer. Como resultado, o produto final tem uma distribuição de pressão consistente e tensões internas mais baixas.
Diminuição dos tempos de ciclo:
O tempo de ciclo neste fabrico, durante o fabrico de produtos de paredes espessas, é reduzido em 50% ou mais, quando comparado com a moldagem por injeção tradicional. Este tempo de ciclo reduzido é obtido porque não há núcleo fundido para solidificar, e o material na câmara do molde endurece mais rapidamente, permitindo que o componente seja ejectado mais cedo.
Menores defeitos de fabrico:
Marcações de fluxoAs marcas de afundamento, as tensões internas causadas por pressões não uniformes e o encolhimento após o arrefecimento são problemas frequentes na moldagem por injeção. No entanto, o produto acabado não apresenta marcas de afundamento, uma vez que a fase de penetração de gás subsequente compensa o encolhimento.
Acabamento de superfície liso:
A homogeneidade do gás pressurizado assegura uma pressão constante em todos os pontos do molde. Isto contribui para uma superfície extremamente lisa.
Precisão de alta dimensão:
As tolerâncias geométricas apertadas são alcançadas devido ao empacotamento consistente da substância de resina. O molde molda a superfície exterior, enquanto a distribuição homogénea da pressão do gás molda a superfície interior.
Fabrico de peças leves:
Os plásticos são materiais leves em geral. Além disso, preenchem apenas parcialmente a cavidade do molde. Cada uma destas variáveis indica que a última secção é leve.
Conclusão:
A moldagem por injeção assistida por gás é um processo de produção eficiente, benéfico e fiável para produtos de plástico. No entanto, antes de confiar neste método, é importante considerar as limitações, o processo e as vantagens que este processo oferece para compreender melhor se é a abordagem de fabrico ideal para as necessidades de fabrico do seu produto.
No entanto, se ainda tiver alguma dúvida ou preocupação, a nossa equipa de profissionais da Prototool está sempre disponível para o ajudar.
